Publications

2023 (select publications)

• Garcia J, Daniels J, Lee Y, Zhu I, Cheng K, Liu Q, Goodman D, Burnett C, Law C, Theinpont C, Alavi J, Azimi C, Montgomery G, Roybal KT*, Choi J*. Naturally occurring mutations in human T cell lymphomas enhance engineered T cell therapies. Nature.  In press. *Co-corresponding author
• Wartewig T, Daniels J, Schulz M, Hameister E, Joshi A, Park J, Morrish E, Venkatasubramani A, Cernilogar FM, van Heijster FHA, Hundshammer C, Schneider H, Konstantinidis F, Gabler JV, Klement C, Kurniawan H, Law C, Lee Y, Choi S, Guitart J, Forne I, Giustinani J, Muschen M, Jain S, Weinstock DM, Rad R, Ortonne N, Schilling F, Schotta G, Imhof A, Brenner D, Choi J*, Ruland J*. PD-1 instructs a tumor-suppressive metabolic program that restricts glycolysis and restrains AP-1 activity in T cell lymphoma. (2023) Nature Cancer. *Co-corresponding author

2022 (select publications)

• Liu Y, Wang H, Taylor M, Cook C, Martinez-Berdeja A, North JP, Harirchan P, Hailer AA, Zhao Z, Ghadially R, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Grekin RC, Mauro TM, Kim E, Choi J, Purdom E, Cho RJ, Cheng JB. Classification of human chronic inflammatory skin disease based on single-cell profiling. (2022) Science Immunology.
• Cook C, Taylor M. Liu Y. Schmidt A, Kim E, Hailer A, North J, Harirchan P, Wong H, Kashem S, Shou Y, McCalmont T, Benz S, Choi J, Purdom E, Marson A, Ramos S, Cheng J, and Cho R. A single-cell transcriptional gradient in human cutaneous memory T cells suppresses pathogenic Th17 inflammation. (2022) Cell Reports Medicine.
• Church C, Pulliam T, Longino N, Park SY, Smythe KS, Makarov V, Riaz N, Jing L, Amezquita R, Campbell JS, Gottardo R, Pierce RH, Choi J, Chan TA, Koelle DM, Nghiem P. Transcriptional and functional analyses of neoantigen-specific CD4 T cells during a profound response to anti-PD-L1 in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. (2022) J Immunother Cancer.

CTCLs are inhibited by negative homeostatic pathways that constrain untransformed T cells. In this case, T cell exhaustion is a powerful tumor suppressor. PD1 deletions reverse T cell exhaustion leading to more aggressive disease phenotypes in vitro and in vivo.

2021

• Daniels J, Choi J. BACH2 is a putative T cell lymphoma tumor suppressor that may play a role in product-derived CAR-T cell lymphomas. (2021) Blood.
• Lee, K, Evans MG, Yang L, Ng Spencer, Snowden C, Khodadost M, Brown RA, Trum NA, Querfeld C, Doan LT, Song J, Zhang H, Wood GS, Wada DA, Shnmugam V, Haun PL, Duncan L, Guitart J, Weinstock DM, Nardi V*, Choi J*. Primary Cytotoxic T Cell Lymphomas Harbor Recurrent Targetable Alterations in the JAK-STAT Pathway. (2021) Blood. *co-corresponding authors
• Nihal M, Wu J, Stonesifer CJ, Daniels J, Choi J, Geskin L, Rook AH, Wood GS. Epigenetic Regulation of Apoptosis in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma: Implications for Therapy with Methotrexate, JAK Inhibitors, and Resveratrol. (2021) J Invest Dermatol.
• Qian Y, Arellano G, Ifergan I, Lin J, Snowden CK, Kim T, Thomas JJ, Law C, Balabanov RD, Guan T, Kaech SM, Miller SD, Choi J*. ZEB1 Promotes Pathogenic Th1 and Th17 Cell Differentiation in Autoimmune Disease. (2021) Cell Reports. [epub ahead of print] *Co-corresponding authors
• Nguyen QT, Kim D, Iamaswat S, Le HT, Kim S, Qiu KT, Hinds TD, Baseley P, O’Shea JJ, Choi J, Asosingh K, Erzurum SC, Min B. Steroid responsiveness in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells determines steroid responsiveness in allergic airway inflammation in mice. (2021) J Immunol. Cutting Edge [epub ahead of print]
• Park J, Daniels J, Wartewig T, Ringbloom KG, Martinez-Escala ME, Choi S, Thomas JJ, Doukas PG, Yang J, Snowden C, Law C, Lee Y, Lee K, Zhang Y, Conran C, Tegtmeyer K, Mo SH, Pease DR, Jothishankar B, Kwok PY, Abdulla FR, Pro B, Louissaint A, Boggon T, Sosman J, Guitart J, Rao DA, Ruland J*, Choi J*. Integrated Genomic Analyses of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphomas Reveal the Molecular Bases for Disease Heterogeneity.(2021) Blood. [epub ahead of print] *co-corresponding authors
• Zaidi AJ, Choi J, Nardone B, Liszewski W. Differences in Merkel cell carcinoma survival by site of primary presentation. J Am Acad Dermatology. 2021 Apr 18:[epub ahead of print]
• Zhou XA, Yang J, Ringbloom KG, Martinez-Escala ME, Stevenson KE, Wenzel AT, Fantini D, Martin HK, Moy AP, Morgan EA, Harkins S, Paxton CN, Hong B, Andersen EF, Guitart J, Weinstock DM, Cerroni L, Choi J*, Louissaint A*. Genomic landscape of cutaneous follicular lymphomas reveals 2 subgroups with clinically predictive molecular features. Blood Advances. 2021 Feb 9;5(3):649-661. PMID: 33560380. *Co-Corresponding Author 

Figure 1.Proposed model of cell of origin driving disease pathogenesis in PCGDTL. Epidermal/dermal PCGDTL derives from the Vd1 cell whereas panniculitic PCGDTL derives from the Vd2 cell.

2020

• Walker CJ, Donnelly ED, Moreira J, Mehta J, Mittal BB, Choi J, Zhou XA, Guitart J, Pro B.  Pembrolizumab and palliative radiotherapy in 2 cases of refractory mycosis fungoides. JAAD Case Reports. 2021 Jan; 7: 87–90.
• Liu Y, Cook C, Sedgewick AJ, Zhang S, Fassett MS, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Harirchian P, Kashem SW, Hanakawa S, Leistico JR, North JP, Taylor MA, Zhang W, Man MQ, Charruyer A, Beliakova-Bethell N, Benz SC, Ghadially R, Mauro TM, Kaplan DH, Kabashima K, Choi J, Song JS, Cho RJ, Cheng JB. Single-Cell Profiling Reveals Divergent, Globally Patterned Immune Responses in Murine Skin Inflammation. iScience. 2020 Sep 19;23(10):101582. PMID: 33205009.
• Daniels J, Doukas PG, Martinez-Escala ME, Ringbloom KG, Shih DJH, Yang J, Tegtmeyer K, Park J, Thomas JJ, Selli ME, Altunbulakli C, Gowthaman R, Mo SH, Jothishankar B, Pease DR, Pro B, Abdulla FR, Shea C, Sahni N, Gru AA, Pierce BG, Louissiant A, Guitart J, Choi J.* Cellular Origins and Genetic Landscape of Cutaneous Gamma Delta T Cell Lymphomas. Nature Communications. 2020 April. 11(1806). PMID: *corresponding author
  • Learn more about the story from “Behind the Paper.”
• Espinosa ML, Nguyen MT, Aguirre AS, Martinez-Escala ME, Kim J, Walker CJ, Pontes DS, Silverberg JI, Choi J, Pro B, Pincus LB, Guitart J, Zhou XA. Progression of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma after Dupilumab: Case Review of 7 Patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32229275. [epub ahead of print]

Figure 1. Clinical Course of Patient with DRESS Treated with Tofacitinib. 

2019

• Damsky, WE, Vesely, MD, Lee, AI, Choi J, Meyer, A, Chen, M, Ahmed, T, and King, BR. Drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome with myocardial involvement treated with tofacitinib. JAAD Case Reports. 2019 Nov 13;5(12):1018-1026.
• Ladomersky E, Scholtens DM, Kocherginsky M, Hibler EA, Bartom ET, Otto-Meyer S, Zhai L, Lauing KL, Choi J, Sosman JA, Wu JD, Zhang B, Lukas RV, and Wainwright DA. The Coincidence Between Increasing Age, Immunosuppression, and the Incidence of Patients with Glioblastoma. Frontiers in Pharmcology. 2019 Mar; PMID: 30971917.
• Allen SD, Liu YG, Kim T, Bobbala S, Yi S, Zhang X, Choi J, Scott EA. Celastrol-loaded PEG-b-PPS nanocarriers as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis. Biomater Sci. 2019 Jan 2. 7(2):657-668. PMID: 30601470.

Figure 1. (A) Mutational Burden of Skin and Selected Non-Skin Cancers for Comparison. (B) Schema Depicting Model of Convergent Development of MCPyV- and MCPyV+ MCC. 

2018

• Zhou XA, Louissaint A, Wenzel A, Yang J, Martinez-Escala ME, Moy AP, Morgan EA, Paxton CN, Hong B, Andersen EF, Guitart J, Behdad A, Cerroni L, Weinstock DA, Choi J.* Genomic Analyses Identify Recurrent Alterations in Immune Evasion Genes in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Nov; 138(11):2365-76. PMID: 29857068. *corresponding author
• Martinez-Escala ME, Choi J*. Are MicroRNAs Key to Developing Biomarkers for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma? J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Sep;138(9):1906-1908. PMID: 30143078. *corresponding author
• Chae YK, Arya A, Chiec L, Shah H, Rosenberg A, Patel S, Raparia K, Choi J, Wainwright DA, Villaflor V, Cristofanili M, Giles F. Challenges and future of biomarker tests in the era of precision oncology: Can we rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to select the optimal patients for matched therapy? Oncotarget 2017 Aug 1; 8(59) 100863-100898. PMID: 29246028.
• Lee D, Martinez-Escala ME, Serrano L, Zhou X, Kaplan J, Pro B, Choi J, Guitart J. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. JAMA Derm. 2018 Jul;154 (7):828-831. PMID: 29874360.
• Martinez-Escala ME, Posiligua AL, Wickless H, Rutherford A, Sable KA, Rubio-Gonzalez B, Zhou XA, Kaplan JB, Pro B, Choi J, Querfeld C, Rosen ST, Guitart J. Progression of undiagnosed cutaneous lymphoma after anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Jun; 78(6):1068-1076. PMID: 29307643.
• Chae YK, Arya A, Iams W, Cruz MR, Chandra S, Choi J, and Giles F. Current landscape and future of dual anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy in cancer; lessons learned from clinical trials with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Immunother Cancer. 2018 May; 6(1):39. PMID: 29769148.
• Sunshine J, Jahchan NS, Sage J, Choi J.* Are there Multiple Cells of Origin of Merkel Cell Carcinoma? Oncogene. 2018 Mar;37(11):1409-1416. PMID: 29321666. *corresponding author
  • Featured in F1000Prime Article Recommendations.
• Haugh AM, Zhang B, Quan VL, Garfield EM, Bubley JA, Kudalkar E, Verzi AE, Walton K, VandenBoom T, Merkel EA, Lee CY, Tan T, Isales MC, Kong BY, Wenzel AT, Bunick CG, Choi J, Sosman J, Gerami P. Distinct Patterns of Acral Melanoma Based on Site and Relative Sun Exposure. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Feb;138(2):384-393. PMID 28870692.
• Vandeven N, Lewis C, Makarov V, Riaz N, Paulson K, Hippe D, Bestick A, Doumani R, Marx T, Takagishi S, Chan T, Choi J, and Nghiem P. Merkel cell carcinoma patients presenting without a primary lesion have elevated markers of immunity, higher tumor mutation burden and improved survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2018 Feb 15;24(4):963-971. PMID: 29246939.

Figure 1. Identification of Genes that Drive T Cell Lymphomagenesis. 

2017

• Gmyrek GB, Pingel J, Choi J**, Green JM**. Functional analysis of acquired CD28 mutations identified in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Cell Immunology. 2017 Sep;319:28-34. PMID: 28711152. **co-corresponding author
• Park J, Yang J, Wenzel AT, Ramachandran A, Lee WJ, Daniels JC, Kim J, Martinez-Escala E, Amankulor N, Pro B, Guitart J, Mendillo ML, Savas JN, Boggon TJ, Choi J*. Genomic analysis of 220 CTCLs identifies a novel recurrent gain-of-function alteration in RLTPR (p.Q575E). Blood. 2017 Sep 21;130(12):1430-1440. PMID: 28694326. *corresponding author
  1. Featured in Inside Blood Commentary. “Expanding and expounding the genomic map of CTCL.”
• Martinez-Escala ME, Kantor RW, Cices A, Zhou XA, Kaplan JB, Pro B, Choi J, Guitart J. CD8+ mycosis fungoides: A low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Sep; 77(3):489-496. PMID: 28676328.
• Chae YK, Arya A, Chiec L, Shah H, Rosenberg A, Patel S, Raparia K, Choi J, Wainwright DA, Villaflor V, Cristofanili M, Giles F. Challenges and future of biomarker tests in the era of precision oncology: Can we rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to select the optimal patients for matched therapy? Oncotarget 2017 Aug 1; 8(59) 100863-100898. PMID: 29246028.
• Zhou XA, Choi J.* Photopheresis for Scleroderma. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017 Jun; 19(6):31. PMID: 28466383. *corresponding author
• King B, Lee AI, Choi J. Treatment of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome with Cutaneous Involvement with the JAK Inhibitors Tofacitinib and Ruxolitinib. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Apr; 137(4): 951-954. PMID: 27887955.
• Weed J, Gibson J, Lewis J, Carlson K, Foss F, Choi J, Li P, Girardi M. FISH Panel for Leukemic CTCL. J Invest Dermatol. 2017 Mar; 137(3):751-753. PMID: 27836797.

Figure 1. Identification of Viral and Non-Viral Neoantigens in Merkel Cell Carcinoma.

2016

• Malecek, MK, Robinson JK, Bilimoria K, Choi JN, Choi J, Gerami P, Kruser T, Kuzel T, Martini M, Strauss JB, Wayne J, Sosman J, and Chandra S. Advancements in unresectable melanoma: a multidisciplinary perspective. Melanoma Management. 2016 Sep; 3(3):171-175. PMID: 30190886.
• Damsky WE, Choi J. Genetics of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2016 Jul;17(7):33. doi: 10.1007/s11864-016-0410-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 27262707.
• Pinzaru AM, Hom RA, Beal A, Phillips AF, Ni E, Cardozo T, Nair N, Choi J, Wuttke DS, Sfeir A, Denchi EL. Telomere Replication Stress Induced by POT1 Inactivation Accelerates Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep. 2016 Jun 7;15(10):2170-84. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.008. Epub 2016 May 26. PubMed PMID: 27239034.
• Yélamos O, Merkel EA, Sholl LM, Zhang B, Amin SM, Lee CY, Guitart GE, Yang J, Wenzel AT, Bunick CG, Yazdan P, Choi J, Gerami P. Non-overlapping Clinical and Mutational Patterns in Melanomas from the Female Genital Tract and Atypical Genital Nevi.J Invest Dermatol. 2016 May 21. pii: S0022-202X(16)31256-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.094. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27220476.
• Gibson JF, Huang J, Liu KJ, Carlson KR, Foss F, Choi J, Edelson R, Hussong JW, Mohl R, Hill S, Girardi M. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL): Current practices in blood assessment and the utility of T-cell receptor (TCR)-Vβ chain restriction. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 May;74(5):870-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.018. Epub 2016 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 26874819; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4835257.
• Zhang X, Rao A, Sette P, Deibert C, Pomerantz A, Kim WJ, Kohanbash G, Chang Y, Park Y, Engh J, Choi J, Chan T, Okada H, Lotze M, Grandi P, Amankulor N. IDH mutant gliomas escape natural killer cell immune surveillance by downregulation of NKG2D ligand expression. Neuro Oncol. 2016 Apr 25. pii: now061. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27116977.
• Damsky WE, Craiglow BG, Choi J. A Discordant Cutaneous Eruption in a Neonatal Twin. JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Apr 1;152(4):463-4. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.5050. PubMed PMID: 26791600.
• Ziai J, Matloff E, Choi J, Kombo N, Materin M, Bale AE. Defining the polyposis/colorectal cancer phenotype associated with the Ashkenazi GREM1 duplication: counselling and management recommendations. Genet Res (Camb). 2016 Mar 7;98:e5. doi: 10.1017/S0016672316000021. PubMed PMID: 26947005
• Bi M, Zhao S, Said JW, Merino MJ, Adeniran AJ, Xie Z, Nawaf CB, Choi J, Belldegrun AS, Pantuck AJ, Kluger HM, Bilgüvar K, Lifton RP, Shuch B. Genomic characterization of sarcomatoid transformation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 23;113(8):2170-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1525735113. Epub 2016 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 26864202; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4776463.
• Walker S, Wang C, Walradt T, Hong BS, Tanner JR, Levinsohn JL, Goh G, Subtil A, Lessin SR, Heymann WR, Vonderheid EC, King BA, Lifton RP, Choi J*. Identification of a gain-of-function STAT3 mutation (p.Y640F) in lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome. Blood. 2016 Feb 18;127(7):948-51. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-654277. Epub 2015 Dec 23. PubMed PMID: 26702067; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4760095. *Corresponding Author
• Goh G, Walradt T, Markarov V, Blom A, Riaz N, Doumani R, Stafstrom K, Moshiri A, Yelistratova L, Levinsohn J, Chan TA, Nghiem P, Lifton RP, Choi J*. Mutational landscape of MCPyV-positive and MCPyV-negative Merkel cell carcinomas with implications for immunotherapy. Oncotarget. 2016 Jan 19;7(3):3403-15. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6494. PubMed PMID: 26655088; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4823115. *Corresponding Author
  • Highly Cited by Web of Science. Per scholar.google.com, cited 110 times. (DOI: 1/26/19)

Figure 1. Identification of the Genomic Landscape of CTCL. 

2015

• Choi J, Goh G, Walradt T, Hong BS, Bunick CG, Chen K, Bjornson RD, Maman Y, Wang T, Tordoff J, Carlson K, Overton JD, Liu KJ, Lewis JM, Devine L, Barbarotta L, Foss FM, Subtil A, Vonderheid EC, Edelson RL, Schatz DG, Boggon TJ, Girardi M, Lifton RP. Genomic landscape of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Nat Genet. 2015 Sep;47(9):1011-9. doi: 10.1038/ng.3356. Epub 2015 Jul 20. PubMed PMID: 26192916; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4552614.
• Hosler GA, Davoli T, Mender I, Litzner B, Choi J, Kapur P, Shay JW, Wang RC. A primary melanoma and its asynchronous metastasis highlight the role of BRAF, CDKN2A, and TERT. J Cutan Pathol. 2015 Feb;42(2):108-17. doi: 10.1111/cup.12444. Epub 2014 Dec 11. PubMed PMID: 25407517; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4470704.

2014

• Little AJ, Subtil A, Choi J*. Rapidly enlarging nodular plaque on the leg. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Oct;150(10):1107-8. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1045. PubMed PMID: 25133474. *Corresponding Author
• Futterleib JS, Feng H, Tigelaar RE, Choi J, Edelson RL. Activation of GILZ gene by photoactivated 8-methoxypsoralen: potential role of immunoregulatory dendritic cells in extracorporeal photochemotherapy. Transfus Apher Sci. 2014 Jun;50(3):379-87. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2013.10.003. Epub 2013 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 24215840; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4002663.
• Choi J, Landrette SF, Wang T, Evans P, Bacchiocchi A, Bjornson R, Cheng E, Stiegler AL, Gathiaka S, Acevedo O, Boggon TJ, Krauthammer M, Halaban R, Xu T. Identification of PLX4032-resistance mechanisms and implications for novel RAF inhibitors.Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2014 Mar;27(2):253-62. doi: 10.1111/pcmr.12197. Epub 2014 Jan 6. PubMed PMID: 24283590; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4065135.

2011

• Ko CJ, Milstone LM, Choi J, McNiff JM. Pityriasis rubra pilaris: the clinical context of acantholysis and other histologic features. Int J Dermatol. 2011 Dec;50(12):1480-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.04990.x. PubMed PMID: 22097993.

2008

• Lansigan F, Choi J, Foss FM. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2008 Oct;22(5):979-96, x. doi: 10.1016/j.hoc.2008.07.014. Review. PubMed PMID: 18954747.

2007

• Choi J, Foss F. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Biologic targets for therapy. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2007 Oct;2(4):272-7. doi: 10.1007/s11899-007-0037-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 20425380.

2006

• Choi J, Foss F. Efficacy of low dose clofarabine in refractory precursor T- acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Yale J Biol Med. 2006 Dec;79(3-4):169-72. PubMed PMID: 17940627; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1994805.

2005

• Choi J, Walker J, Talbert-Slagle K, Wright P, Pober JS, Alexander L. Endothelial cells promote human immunodeficiency virus replication in nondividing memory T cells via Nef-, Vpr-, and T-cell receptor-dependent activation of NFAT. J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(17):11194-204. PubMed PMID: 16103171; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1193601.
• Choi J, Walker J, Boichuk S, Kirkiles-Smith N, Torpey N, Pober JS, Alexander L. Human endothelial cells enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in CD4+ T cells in a Nef-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. J Virol. 2005 Jan;79(1):264-76. PubMed PMID: 15596822; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC538695.

2004

• Choi J, Enis DR, Koh KP, Shiao SL, Pober JS. T lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions. Annu Rev Immunol. 2004;22:683-709. Review. PubMed PMID: 15032593.

2003

• Madge LA, Li JH, Choi J, Pober JS. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase sensitizes vascular endothelial cells to cytokine-initiated cathepsin-dependent apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):21295-306. Epub 2003 Mar 27. PubMed PMID: 12663669.

For a complete list of publications, please click on the following link:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/myncbi/jaehyuk.choi.1/bibliography/45286647/public/?sort=date&direction=ascending

“Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, day-in, day-out. Not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years. And working really hard to make that future a reality. Grit is living life like it’s a marathon, not a sprint.”

–Angela Lee Duckworth, Grit